DRAWING FRAMES

TASKS OF DRAWFRAME

1. Through doubling the slivers are made even


2. doubling results in homogenization(blending)


3. through draft fibres get parallelised


4. hooks created in the card are straightened


5. through the suction ,intensive dust removal is achieved


6. autoleveller maintains absolute sliver fineness

Quality of the drawframe sliver determines the yarn quality.

Drawing is the final process of quality improvement in the spinning mill

Drafting is the process of elongating a strand of fibres, with the intention of orienting the fibres in the direction of the strand and reducing its linear density.In a roller drafting system, the strand is passedthrogh a series of sets of rollers, each successive set rotating at a surface velocity greater than that of the previous set.

During drafting, the fibres must be moved relative to each other as uniformly as possible by overcoming the the cohesive friction. Uniformity implies in this context that all fibres are controllably rearranged with a shift relative to each other equal to the degree of draft.

In drawframe, the rollers are so rotated that their peripheral speed in the throughflow direction increases fromroller pair to roller pair, then the drawing part of the fibres, i.e.the draft, takes place. Draft is defined as the ratio of the delivered length to the feed length or the ratio of the corresponding peripheral speeds.

Drawing apart of the fibres is effected by fibres being carried along with the roller surfaces. For this to occur, the fibres must move with the peripheral speed of hte rollers. This transfer of the roller speed tothe fibres represents one of the problems of drafting operation. The transfer can be effected only byfriction, but the fibre strand is fairly thick and only its outer layers have contact with the rollers, and furthermore various, non-constant forces act on the fibres.

Roller drafting adds irregularities in the strand.Lamb states that,though an irregularity causing mechanism does existin drafting, drafting also actually reduced the strand irregularities by breaking down the fibre groups.Drafting is accompanied by doubling on the drawframe, this offsets the added irregularity.

Variance(sliver out) = Variance(sliver in) + Variance(added by m/c)

In Statistics , Variance is the square of standard deviation

Two passages of drawing with eight ends creeled each time would produce a single sliver consisting of 64 ribbons of fibre in close contact with each other.In the ultimate product, each ribbon may be only a few fibres thick,and thus the materials of the input slivers are dispersed by the drawing process. The term doubling is also used to describe this aspect of drawing

Drafting arrangement is the heart of the drawframe. The drafting arrangement should be

• simple


• stable design with smooth running of rollers


• able to run at higher speeds and produce high quality product


• flexible i.e suitable to process different materials , fibre lenths and sliver hanks


• able to have good fibre control


• easy to adjust

Roller drafting causes irregularities in the drafted strand since there is incomplete control of the motionof each individual fibre or fibre group.The uniformity of the drafted strand is determined by

• draft ratio


• roller settings


• material characteristics


• pressure exerted by the top roller


• hardness of top roller


• fluting of the bottom rollers


• distribution of draft between the various drafting stages

drafting is affected by the following rawmaterial factors

• no of fibres in the cross section


• fibre fineness


• degree of parellelisation of the fibres


• compactness of the fibre strand


• fibre cohesion which depends on

1. surface structure


2. crimp


3. lubrication


4. compression of the strand


5. fibre length


6. twist in the fibre


7. distribution of fibre length

3-over-3 roller drafting arrangements with pressure bar is widely used in the modern drawframesBigger front rollers are stable and operated at lower speeds of revolution, this necessitated pressure bararrangement for better control of fibres. Some drawframes are with 4-over-3 drafting arrangement, butstrictly speaking it behaves like a 3-over-3 drafting system except for the fact that fourth roller helpsto guide the sliver directly into the delivery trumpet.


DRAFTING WAVE:
Floating fibres are subject to two sets of forces acting in opposite directions. The more number of fibreswhich are moving slowly because of the contact with the back rollers restrain the floating fibres from accelerating. The long fibres in contact with the front rollers tend to accelerate the floating fibres to the higher speed.As the floating fibres move away from the back roller, the restraining force by back roller held fibres reduces,and the front roller influence increases. At some balance point, a fibre accelerates suddenly from low to high speed.This balance point is compounded by the laws of friction, static friction being higher than dynamic friction.When onefloating fibre accelerates, the neighbouring shor fibres suddenly feel one more element tending to accelrate them and one fewer trying to restrain them. Thus there may be an avalanche effect which results in drafting wave.